Eigenvalue Counting Function for Robin Laplacians on Conical Domains

We study the discrete spectrum of the Robin Laplacian (Q^{Omega }_alpha ) in (L^2(Omega )), (umapsto -Delta u, quad D_n u=alpha u text { on }partial Omega ), where (D_n) is the outer unit normal derivative and (Omega subset {mathbb {R}}^{3}) is a conical domain with a regular cross-section (Theta subset {mathbb {S}}^2), n is the outer unit normal, and (alpha >0) is a fixed constant. It is known from previous papers that the bottom of the essential spectrum of (Q^{Omega }_alpha ) is (-alpha ^2) and that the finiteness of the discrete spectrum depends on the geometry of the cross-section. We show that the accumulation of the discrete spectrum of (Q^Omega _alpha ) is determined by the discrete spectrum of an effective Hamiltonian defined on the boundary and far from the origin. By studying this model operator, we prove that the number of eigenvalues of (Q^{Omega }_alpha ) in ((-infty ,-alpha ^2-lambda )), with (lambda >0), behaves for (lambda rightarrow 0) as

$$begin{aligned} dfrac{alpha ^2}{8pi lambda } int _{partial Theta } kappa _+(s)^2mathrm {d}s +oleft( frac{1}{lambda }right) , end{aligned}$$

where (kappa _+) is the positive part of the geodesic curvature of the cross-section boundary.