意外低体温气象风险预警服务系统设计与实现

随着更多公众参与极限越野赛事和荒野休闲活动，意外低体温风险逐渐暴露在人们视野中，对应风险评价指标和预警服务系统的不足亟待提升。本文研究针对野外活动人员遭受因野外寒冷暴露气象条件影响引起的意外低体温风险，综合分析引发意外低体温的致灾因子、暴露度、身体脆弱性和防灾能力因子，提出意外低体温气象风险预警指数并构建预警模型。在此基础上，针对缺少固定气象观测站条件场景，利用目前最先进的便携式气象自动观测设备采集相关气象要素数据，集成北斗卫星通信功能，实现数据向数据中心的传输，应用意外低体温气象风险预警模型，产生预警信息和决策服务信息再向现场服务人员回送，形成预警服务系统，以求解决因突变的气象条件引发的野外活动中意外低体温风险无法得到及时预警并妥善处置的难题，具有较好的实际应用与发展前景。

Design and Implementation of Meteorological Risk Early Warning Service System for Accidental Hypothermia

As more and more people participate in extreme off-road events and wilderness leisure activities, the risk of accidental hypothermia is gradually exposed to people, and the insufficiency of risk evaluation indicators and early warning service system should be improved urgently. In this paper, aiming at the risk of accidental hypothermia caused by wildness cold exposure, the disaster causing factors, exposure, physical vulnerability and protection ability factors of accidental hypothermia caused by wildness cold exposure are comprehensively analyzed, and the meteorological risk early warning index of accidental hypothermia is proposed and the model is constructed. On this basis, in view of the lack of fixed meteorological observation stations, we designed and implemented the service system. The most advanced portable automatic meteorological observation equipment is used to collect relevant meteorological element data. By integrating the Beidou satellite communication function, the system can transmit data to the data center and generate early warning and decision-making service information according to the model and then send it back to the on-site service personnel. The system is helpful in solving the problem that the risk of wildness accidental hypothermia activities caused by sudden meteorological conditions that cannot be warned in time and handled properly, which has good practical application and development prospects.