有冰海区油膜光谱特征研究

近些年有冰海区石油的勘探、开发以及运输频度逐年上升，这增加了冰区溢油发生的风险。试验通过测量海水、碎冰、整冰等不同背景条件下轻柴油和原油油膜的可见光-近红外光谱反射率曲线，并与洁净的海水、碎冰和平整冰光谱曲线进行比较，得到能够有效识别冰区溢油的波段。测量结果表明：同一油种在不同背景下油膜的光谱反射率曲线有所差异，同一油种同一背景下由于分布形态不同光谱反射率曲线也有所差异。但同一油种的油膜仍呈现出许多区别于背景的共同特征：以海水、碎冰或整冰为背景的轻柴油油膜的光谱反射率曲线呈现“先低后高”、部分“相伴而行”的特点;海水、碎冰和整冰中原油油膜的光谱反射率曲线在750～770 nm区间出现楔状反射峰的典型特点。根据以上特点可以将溢油污染海水/海冰与洁净海水/海冰很好的区分开来，从而为遥感监测冰区溢油时的波段选择和溢油识别提供参考和依据。

Study on Spectrum of Oil Film in Ice-Infested Waters

Oil spills in ice-infested waters are a subject of great concern to corporations, local residents, and government agen-cies, which participate in oil exploration, production, and transportation in ice-infested regions recently. For developing a credi-ble and effective response to oil spill in ice-infested waters, a field experiment was performed on the spectrum of oil film in ice-in-fested waters. In this experiment, four groups of spectrum samples were collected, including clean sea water, brash ice and even ice and sea water/brash ice/even ice contaminated by diesel and crude oil The experiment results indicated that: the same sort of oil with different background had different reflectance at the same wavelength, and so did the same sort of oil. with the same background but different distribution state; nevertheless there were some common characteristics within the same oil For exam-ple, diesel had two apparent characteristics, no matter on the surface of sea water or brash ice or even ice, the first of which was that the reflectance curves of diesel film were first lower and then higher than that of clean sea water, brash ice or even ice ac-cording to the wavelength; the second was that the reflectance curves of diesel film were almost equaled to that of the background between 400 and 510 nm in sea water, 410 and 510 nm in brash ice and 490 and 510 nm in even ice. The spectrum curves of crude oil had a representative sphenoid reflectance-peak which appeared between 750 and 770 nm. These characteristics of oil film in terms of ice and oil type could be effectively used to distinct the oil with sea water and sea ice, meanwhile this experiment would improve and facilitate the detecting and monitoring proposal of oil which had been spilled in moving, broken pack ice and fast-ice environment in the ocean.