Electric convection of low-conductivity liquid in a horizontal capacitor in the presence of unipolar charge injection

Electric convection of low-conductivity liquid in a horizontal plane capacitor is analyzed with allowance for unipolar charge injection. Dynamics of charge transfer through stationary isothermal liquid in the presence of modulated electric field is studied. Effect of modulation amplitude and frequency on the spatiotemporal distribution of charge density and electric potential is considered. Nonlinear electric convection of nonisothermal low-conductivity liquid is studied in the presence of static electric field in a 2D system. Hysteresis transitions between two different (with respect to intensity) regimes of electric convection are analyzed.