Evolution of the Membrane Electrochemistry

The evolution of a new branch of science, the membrane electrochemistry, is considered. The new discipline emerged at the junction of the science of membranes, classic electrochemistry, biophysics, and ion exchange. The most important stages in its progress are analyzed. Major attention is devoted to the development of electrodialysis with ion-exchange membranes, as this method makes it possible to produce fresh water from brackish water and ultrapure water from drinking water, separate ion mixtures, and run electrochemical syntheses.