1,3,4-Oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents

Since the introduction of the first antibiotic (penicillin, 1942) into medical practice, to date, there has been an ongoing “race” between scientists creating new drugs and pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic-bacteria are becoming progressively common, and to make matters worse, more and more bacteria are becoming resistant to all known antibiotics. The traditional method for this problem is to introduce new antibiotics that kill the resistant mutants. This specific “arms race” resulted into thousands of potentially active chemicals are synthesized in laboratories around the world every day.1,3,4-Oxadiazole; 1,3,4-thiadiazole; 1,2,4-triazole and some of their derivatives are involved in modifications at the following axes: First, attaching a thio-group into heterocyclic rings. Second, introducing different substitutions at position 5 which often are the residuals of the synthetic starting materials such as simple aliphatic, substituted aliphatic chains, aromatic carbocyclic and heterocyclic residues.