The electrodeposition of composite coatings: Diversity,applications and challenges |
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Authors: | Frank C. Walsh Shuncai Wang Nan Zhou |
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Affiliation: | 1. Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory and National Centre for Advanced Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK;2. Ultra Precision Motion Ltd., Unit D2 Chelworth Industrial Estate, Cricklade, Swindon, Wilts, SN6 6HE, UK |
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Abstract: | A wide range of coatings can be produced by incorporating particles into an electrodeposit. The matrix may be a metal, conductive polymer or conductive ceramic, whereas the particle can be metallic, polymeric, ceramic or combinations of spheroidal, irregular or layered inclusions. Nanostructured, gradient, multilayer and sandwich layer deposit further widen possibilities. Electrochemical approaches to the deposition of composite coatings offer the benefits of good control over deposition rate (hence thickness), coating composition and deposit properties. Both faradaic electrodeposition and electrophoresis are usually involved. This review focuses on nanosized inclusions in a metal matrix over the last two decades. Interactions between bath composition, particle dispersion, operational variables and resultant deposit properties are poorly documented in the literature. Our understanding of the mechanism of composite deposition remains patchy, despite progress and computer models are scarce. Electrode geometry, electrolyte hydrodynamics and current distribution remain poorly treated. Markets in electronics, surface engineering, aerospace, corrosion protection and electrochemical energy conversion have been stimulated by newer uses for self-cleaning, superhydrophobic and biocompatible surfaces. Challenges to be met by further research and development are prioritised. |
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Keywords: | Electroplating Inclusions Electrolyte additives Mechanism Metal matrix composites Modelling Surfactants |
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