Combination of electrokinetic remediation with permeable reactive barriers to remove organic compounds from soils

In recent years, technologies suitable for the remediation of environmental contaminants from soil have received considerable attention. Among them, electrokinetic (EK) remediation and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) must be highlighted because of their environmental compatibility, versatility, amenability, scale-up practice, and cost-effectiveness. For this reason, the first section is focused on the fundamentals of EK remediation and PRB for environmental remediation, together with the phenomena that occur in the soil and that permit its effectiveness. The second section discusses most important materials used as barriers and describes the application, as well as the recent progress. The outlooks of PRB–EK technologies for the upcoming future are finally concluded in this minireview.