Latest advances in zwitterionic structures modified dialysis membranes |
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| Authors: | A. Mollahosseini A. Abdelrasoul A. Shoker |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A9, Canada;2. Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A9, Canada;3. Nephrology Division, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada;4. Saskatchewan Transplant Program, St. Paul’s Hospital, 1702 20th Street West Saskatoon Saskatchewan, S7M 0Z9, Canada |
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| Abstract: | End-stage renal diseases are affecting many patients and as a result, demand to receive dialysis service is growing annually. Morbidity and mortality rates are reported to be higher in comparison with healthy humans. The reason is reported to be the hemoincompatiblity of blood purification membranes, which hinders patients’ lives. Activation of different immune systems in the body, in case of blood-membrane interaction, results in several side effects, of which cardiovascular shocks have been mentioned to be a major one. Efforts to solve this issue have resulted in different generations of dialysis membranes. Zwitterionic immobilized membranes are the latest (third) generation, which owns a higher degree of hemocompatiblity with more stability of immobilized structures. This critical review intends to cover recent efforts conducted over the zwitterionization of polymeric membrane surfaces with the goal of improving hemocompatibility. Different aspects of third-generation membranes are discussed for a better understanding of the current gap and gathering the knowledge to further develop the field. Accordingly, this critical survey provides an in-depth understanding of blood purification membranes zwitterionization for paving the way for the optimum enhancement of hemodialysis membrane hemocompatibility. |
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| Keywords: | Hemodialysis Blood Hemocompatibility Zwitterionization Interactions Activations Surface modification Zwitterionic material" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ZW Sulfobetaine methacrylate" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" SBMA Water contact angle" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" WCA Polystyrene" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" pr Polyvinlypyrolidone" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" PVP Glycidyl methacrylate" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" GMA Polydimethylsiloxane" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" PDMS enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" 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N,N-Dimethyl-N-(p-vinylbenzyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0195" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" DMSVA rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0205" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" rMSCs platelet-poor plasma" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0215" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" PPP N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0225" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" DMMSA Ceric ammonium nitrate" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0235" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" CAN 2-dimethylaminopryridine" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0245" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" DAMP tetrahydrofuran" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0255" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" THF Triethylamine" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0265" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" 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text" ," _" :" PBS |
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