Effect of cold spray particle conditions and optimal standoff distance on impact velocity

The impact velocity of particles plays an important role in coating formation of cold spray.A proper standoff distance from the nozzle exit to the substrate surface can ensure sprayed particles to achieve relatively high impact velocities.Numerical simulations were conducted by using a CFD software,Fluent,to predict the supersonic flow field outside the nozzle.Based on the simulation results,the effect of particle conditions on impact velocity is studied and also the way to determine the optimal standoff di...