Product distribution from fast pyrolysis of glucose-based carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the major constituents of biomass. With the growing interest in utilizing bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of biomass for fuels and chemicals, understanding the carbohydrate pyrolysis behavior has gained particular importance. The chemical composition of the bio-oil is an important consideration for its upstream and/or downstream processing. Though the classification of pyrolysis products into overall tar, char and gaseous fraction has evolved as a standard; detailed knowledge of the chemical constituents that determine the quality of bio-oil has received little attention. Furthermore, the speciation arising from primary and secondary reactions has been rarely distinguished. In this study the product distribution arising from the primary reactions during 500 °C fast pyrolysis of several mono-, di- and polysaccharides is studied with the help of micro-pyrolyzer. The study suggests that levoglucosan and the low molecular weight compounds are formed through competitive pyrolysis reactions rather than sequential pyrolysis reactions. It is also shown that the orientation or the position of glycosidic linkages does not significantly influence the product distribution except with 1,6-linked polysaccharide, which showed considerably less formation of levoglucosan than other polysaccharides.