航天重大工程中的力学问题

近年来，我国航天重大工程蓬勃发展，航天工程中新的力学问题不断涌现，开展航天工程力学问题研究在航天技术的发展中起到举足轻重的作用。随着航天器朝着超高速、深空探测、多功能方向的发展，其面临的发射和运行环境也更加恶劣，发射过程中的多场耦合、非线性等问题更加突出。大阵面、大挠性的航天器对在轨结构展开、模态辨识、刚柔耦合控制提出新的要求，而高精度、高分辨率的观测需求，为航天器在轨微振动、热致振动的研究带来了新的课题。同时，这一系列的问题也对航天器的地面试验和仿真分析等提出了更高的要求，在这些领域，各国学者也积累了一定的成果。本文概括介绍了近年来航天重大工程中出现的新的力学问题，从航天器的发射、在轨运行、地面仿真和试验等方面对航天工程中的力学问题进行了综述。内容主要集中在耦合动力学、空气动力学、多体动力学、结构动力学以及试验力学等方面，同时提出了工程中力学方面所面临的问题以及下一步的发展方向。

Mechanical problems in momentous pro jects of aerospace engineering

With the vigorous development of the momentous pro jects in aerospace en-gineering field, new mechanical problems emerge continuously. Therefore, the research on engineering mechanics plays a prominent role in the developments of the space technol-ogy. The launch and operation environment for spacecraft is becoming more stringent as the spacecraft nowadays is developing on the track of super high speeds, deep space explo-ration and multifunction. Large-area and large flexible structure equipped on the spacecraft has proposed new challenges on the dynamics of deployment in orbit, modal identification and rigid-flexible coupling dynamics. Meanwhile, high-precision and high-resolution earth-observing request leads to new problems of micro-vibration control and thermally induced vibration control in orbit. All these problems urge more accurate methods for ground sim-ulations and experiments. In this paper, we outline the new mechanical problems arising from the launch of spacecraft, in orbit operation, ground simulations and experiments, etc. We focus on coupled dynamics, aerodynamics, multi-body dynamics, structure dynamics and experimental mechanics. The new problems and development directions of engineering mechanics are discussed in the end.