Monitoring nanoparticle formation during laser ablation of graphite in an atmospheric-pressure ambient |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">L?Landstr?mEmail author Zs?Márton M?Boman P?Heszler |
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Institution: | (1) The Angström Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;(2) Department of General Physics and Laser Spectroscopy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Hungary;(3) The Angstrom Laboratory, Department of Solid State Physics, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Excimer laser ablation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was performed at atmospheric pressure in an N2 and in an air ambient. During the ablation, nanoparticles condensed from the material ejecta, and their size distribution was monitored in the gas phase by a Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) in combination with a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). Size distributions obtained at different laser repetition rates revealed that the interaction between subsequent laser pulses and formed particles became significant above 15 Hz. This interaction resulted in laser heating, leading to considerable evaporation and a decrease in the size of the particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that approximately 8% nitrogen was incorporated into the CNx particles generated in the N2 ambient, and that the nitrogen was mostly bonded to sp3-hybridized carbon. Monodisperse particles were also deposited and were analyzed by means of Raman spectroscopy to monitor size-induced effects. PACS 81.07.-b; 61.46.+w; 79.70.+q |
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