Ultrasound-assisted rapid extraction and kinetic modelling of influential factors: Extraction of camptothecin from Nothapodytes nimmoniana plant |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran;2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;1. Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799046, India;3. DBT-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India;4. Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India;1. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;2. Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;3. Department of Applied Geoinformatics, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of commercially important natural product camptothecin (CPT) from Nothapodytes nimmoniana plant has been investigated. The influences of process factors such as electric acoustic intensity, solid to liquid ratio, duty cycle, temperature and particle size on the maximum extraction yield and kinetic mechanisms of the entire extraction process have been investigated. The kinetics results showed that increasing the intensity, duty cycle, solid to liquid ratio and decreasing the particle size lead to substantial increase in extraction yields compared to classical stirring extraction. Different kinetic models were applied to fit the experimental data. The second order rate model appears to be the best. The extraction rate constant, initial extraction rate and the equilibrium concentration for all experimental conditions have been calculated. SEM analysis of spent plant material clearly showed hollow openings on cell structure, which could be directly correlated to explosive disruption by the action of ultrasound waves. Overall 1.7-fold increase in extraction yields of CPT (0.32% w/w) and decrease in time from 6 h to 18 min was observed over the stirring method. |
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| Keywords: | Camptothecin Extraction kinetics Kinetic model Ultrasound-assisted extraction |
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