Sonocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by a novel graphene quantum dots anchored CdSe nanocatalyst |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran;2. Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, 14359-16471 Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey;1. Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran;4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712–749, South Korea;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China;2. Henan University of Urban Construction, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Pingdingshan, Henan 467036, PR China;3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, PR China;1. College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China;2. College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Cadmium selenide/graphene quantum dots (CdSe/GQDs) nanocatalyst with small band gap energy and a large specific surface area was produced via a facile three-step sonochemical-hydrothermal process. The features of the as-prepared CdSe, GQDs and CdSe/GQDs samples were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), diffuse-reflectance spectrophotometer (DRS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The sonocatalytic activity of the synthesized CdSe/GQDs was effectively accelerated compared with that of pure CdSe nanoparticles in degradation of methylene blue (MB). The influence of the CdSe/GQDs dosage (0.25–1.25 g/L), initial MB concentration (20–30 mg/L), initial solution pH (3–12), and ultrasonic output power (200–600 W/L) were examined on the sonocatalytic treatment of MB aqueous solutions. The degradation efficiency (DE%) of 99% attained at 1 g/L of CdSe/GQDs, 20 mg/L of MB, pH of 9, and an output power of 200 W/L at 90 min of ultrasonic irradiation. Furthermore, DE% increased with addition of K2S2O8 and H2O2 as the enhancers via producing more free radicals. However, addition of sulfate, carbonate, and chloride as radical sweeper decreased DE%. Furthermore, well-reusability of the CdSe/GQDs sonocatalyst was demonstrated for 5 successive runs and some of the sonocatalytic generated intermediates were indicated by GC–MS analysis. |
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| Keywords: | Cadmium selenide Graphene quantum dots Methylene blue Nanocatalyst Sonocatalytic degradation |
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