Experimental study on the influence of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound on the permeability of the Mycobacterium smegmatis cytoderm and potentiation with levofloxacin |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;2. Food and Drug Administration of Huiji, Zhengzhou 450044, China;3. Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;4. Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, Islamic Republic of Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-4838, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, PR China;2. School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect and underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound combined with levofloxacin treatment against M. smegmatis (a surrogate of M. tuberculosis). As part of this study, M. smegmatis was continuously irradiated with low frequency ultrasound (42 kHz) using several different doses whereby both intensity (0.138, 0.190 and 0.329 W/cm2) and exposure time (5, 15 and 20 min) were varied. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the permeability of M. smegmatis increased following ultrasound exposure. The survival rate, structure and morphology of bacteria in the lower-dose (ISATA = 0.138 W/cm2 for 5 min) ultrasound group displayed no significant differences upon comparison with the untreated group. However, the survival rate of bacteria was significantly reduced and the bacterial structure was damaged in the higher-dose (ISATA = 0.329 W/cm2 for 20 min) ultrasound group. Ultrasound irradiation (0.138 W/cm2) was subsequently applied to M. smegmatis in combination with levofloxacin treatment for 5 min. The results demonstrated that the bactericidal effect of ultrasonic irradiation combined with levofloxacin is higher compared to ultrasound alone or levofloxacin alone. |
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| Keywords: | Low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound Permeability Bactericidal effect Levofloxacin |
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