Novel synthesis of nanocomposite for the extraction of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) from water and urine samples: Process screening and optimization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India;1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 24-1 Hyakunincho 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan;2. Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan;1. Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan;2. Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8715, Japan;1. Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Pahang, Malaysia;3. Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road, Singapore 169078, Singapore;4. Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;1. Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3-go Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;2. Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, G. Bonchev Str. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;3. Interfacultary Institute for Biochemistry, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.4, 72076 Tubingen, Germany;1. Departmentof Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran;2. Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India;1. Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74831, Iran;2. Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Gas (Gachsaran), Yasouj University, Gachsaran, 75813-56001, Iran;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India |
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| Abstract: | A sensitive analytical method is investigated to concentrate and determine trace level of Sildenafil Citrate (SLC) present in water and urine samples. The method is based on a sample treatment using dispersive solid-phase micro-extraction (DSPME) with laboratory-made Mn@ CuS/ZnS nanocomposite loaded on activated carbon (Mn@ CuS/ZnS-NCs-AC) as a sorbent for the target analyte. The efficiency was enhanced by ultrasound-assisted (UA) with dispersive nanocomposite solid-phase micro-extraction (UA-DNSPME). Four significant variables affecting SLC recovery like; pH, eluent volume, sonication time and adsorbent mass were selected by the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) experiments. These selected factors were optimized by the central composite design (CCD) to maximize extraction of SLC. The results exhibited that the optimum conditions for maximizing extraction of SLC were 6.0 pH, 300 μL eluent (acetonitrile) volume, 10 mg of adsorbent and 6 min sonication time. Under optimized conditions, virtuous linearity of SLC was ranged from 30 to 4000 ng mL−1 with R2 of 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.50 ng mL−1 and the recoveries at two spiked levels were ranged from 97.37 to 103.21% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4.50% (n = 15). The enhancement factor (EF) was 81.91. The results show that the combination UAE with DNSPME is a suitable method for the determination of SLC in water and urine samples. |
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| Keywords: | Mn@ CuS/ZnS-NCs-AC Screening and optimization Sildenafil Citrate Spectrophotometry Ultrasound assisted extraction Urine samples |
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