丁香酚键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的制备和色谱性能

采用固液相表面连续反应法,先将偶联剂γ-(2,3)-环氧丙氧]丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)键合到球形硅胶表面,然后再将植物有效成分丁香酚与硅胶上的KH-560活性基团反应,合成了丁香酚键合硅胶液相色谱固定相(EGSP)。采用元素分析、热重分析和红外光谱对该固定相的结构进行了表征。以萘作为溶质探针,乙腈-水(35:65, v/v)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,测得EGSP柱的柱效。以一系列的中性、碱性和酸性化合物为溶质探针,C₁₈柱和苯基柱作参比,对该固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究。结果表明,硅胶表面成功键合上了丁香酚配体,键合量为0.28 mmol/g, EGSP柱理论塔板数约为24707 N/m。该固定相不仅具有良好的反相色谱性能,同时由于配体结构中含有芳环、烯基和甲氧基,还能与溶质发生π-π电荷转移、偶极-偶极和氢键作用。与传统的反相C₁₈柱和苯基柱相比,EGSP在极性芳香族化合物的快速、简便分离中占优势。

Preparation and chromatographic performance of a eugenol-bonded silica gel stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography

A eugenol-bonded silica gel stationary phase (EGSP) for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been synthesized by the solid-liquid successive reaction method. The preparation process included two steps: firstly, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy-silane (KH-560) was covalently attached to the surface of spherical silica gel. Then the bonded silica gel continued to react with eugenol ligand, which was a plant active component, and obtained EGSP. The structure of EGSP was characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Using naphthalene as a probe, the column efficiency was tested under the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (35:65, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The chromatographic properties and the retention mechanism of EGSP were evaluated by using neutral, basic and acidic analytes as solute probes. Meanwhile, the comparative study with C₁₈ column and phenyl column was also carried out under the same chromatographic conditions. The result showed that the eugenol ligand was successfully bonded to the surface of silica gel with a 0.28 mmol/g of bonded amount, and the theoretical plate number of EGSP column was about 24707 N/m. The EGSP appeared to be a kind of excellent reversed-phase stationary phase with suitable hydrophobicity and various synergistic sites. The eugenol ligand bonded on silica gel could first provideπ-πinteraction sites for different analytes because of its benzene ring and alkenyl. In addition, the methoxy groups of eugenol were responsible for dipole-dipole and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the ligand and solutes in the effective separation process. Comparing with traditional C₁₈ column and phenyl column, EGSP has an advantage in the fast separation of polar compounds under simple experimental conditions.