Construction of sterically congested oxindole derivatives via visible-light-induced radical-coupling |
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Authors: | Yanling Shen Ning Lei Cong Lu Dailin Xi Xinxin Geng Pan Tao Zhishan Su Ke Zheng |
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Institution: | Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 P. R. China, |
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Abstract: | The oxindole scaffold represents an important structural feature in many natural products and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced modular methodology for the synthesis of complex 3,3′-disubstituted oxindole derivatives. A library of valuable fluoroalkyl-containing highly sterically congested oxindole derivatives can be synthesized by a catalytic three-component radical coupling reaction under mild conditions (metal & photocatalyst free, >80 examples). This strategy shows high functional group tolerance and broad substrate compatibility (including a wide variety of terminal or non-terminal alkenes, conjugated dienes and enynes, and a broad array of polyfluoroalkyl iodide and oxindoles), which enables modular modification of complex drug-like compounds in one chemical step. The success of solar-driven transformation, large-scale synthesis, and the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, as well as promising tumor-suppressing biological activities, highlights the potential for practical applications of this strategy. Mechanistic investigations, including a series of control experiments, UV-vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations, suggest that the reaction underwent a sequential two-step radical-coupling process and the photosensitive perfluoroalkyl benzyl iodides are key intermediates in the transformation.Simple, modular assembly of complex fluoroalkyl-containing oxindole derivatives with a broad scope and excellent functional group tolerance under mild conditions (metal- and photocatalyst-free). Benzyl iodides were identified as key intermediates. |
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