Hopping type of conduction in (Na0.5Bi0.5)ZrO3 ceramic |
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Authors: | K. Prasad Lily K.L. Yadav |
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Affiliation: | a Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University Campus, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 812 007, India b Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India |
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Abstract: | Polycrystalline sample with (Na0.5Bi0.5)ZrO3 (NBZ) stoichiometry was prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate the formation of a single-phase perovskite-type orthorhombic structure. AC impedance plot is used as tool to analyse the electrical behaviour of the sample as a function of temperature at different frequency. The AC impedance studies revealed the presence of grain boundary effect and evidence of a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character. Pseudo Cole-Cole and complex electric modulus analyses indicated non-Debye-type dielectric relaxation. The AC conductivity obeys the universal power law. The pair approximation type correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model explains the universal behaviour of the s exponent. The apparent activation energy to the conduction process and minimum hopping distance are discussed. |
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Keywords: | D. Electrical conductivity |
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