Impact-induced splash and spill in a quasi-confined granular medium |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada;2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada;1. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Equipment of Three Gorges Region, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China;2. Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China;1. Centre of Excellence in Solar Energy, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India;2. Department of Physics, University of Mumbai, Tilak Bhavan, Kalina, Santacruz East, Mumbai 400 098, India;3. Department of Physics and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India;1. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Water Engineering Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | The splash and spill effects caused by the impact of a ball dropped from a height into a granular medium held in a small open container are examined. Different granular media, namely rice, mustard seeds, cream of wheat and plastic beads are used. The quantity of spilled-over granular matter (W, grams) is measured as a function of the ball-drop height and compared for different cases. Digital pictures of the splash process are also recorded. The quantity W is seen to vary approximately linearly with the energy of impact. Interestingly, a distinct upward jump is seen in the spilled quantity at specific impact energy in the case of mustard seeds, which have spherical shape and also exhibit some charging effects. Similar jump was also confirmed for the case of plastic beads with broadly similar properties. Although the parameters such as mass per grain and packing density for the case of mustard seeds are intermediate between those for rice and cream of wheat, the spill quantity for comparable impact energy is considerably higher in the former case. The possible reasons for this non-monotonicity of behavior are discussed in terms of the differences in grain shapes and properties. Experiments are also performed using plastic beads of the same type but with four different sizes to explore the dependence of spilled quantity on bead size. The container size dependence is also examined for various bead types. Interesting systematics are seen, which are discussed qualitatively. |
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