Analysis of total and dissolved heavy metals in surface water of a Mexican polluted river by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia;2. Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy;3. Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Ambiente” (CIRAM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy;4. Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;5. Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Monte S. Angelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy;1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran;3. Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;2. Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The present area of study is located in the Upper Course of the Lerma River (UCLR). The Lerma is one of the most important rivers of Mexico, where it drains highly populated and industrialized regions. The aim of the present study is to determine the heavy metal concentration of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb in dissolved and total phases of the UCLR by means of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (TXRF). The surface water samples were collected at 8 sites distributed following the stream flow direction of the river. Four sampling campaigns were carried out in each site in a 1-year period. A sample preparation method was applied in order to obtain the total and dissolved fraction and to destroy the organic matter. The total heavy metal average concentration decrease in the following order: Fe (2566 μg/L) > Mn (300 μg/L) > Cu (66 μg/L) > Cr (21 μg/L) > Pb (15 μg/L). In general, the heavy metal concentrations in water of the UCLR are below the maximum permissible limits. |
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