十八世纪以来中国太湖流域与英国苏格兰的人才比较研究

将中国人才出得最多的地区之一──太湖流域和西方人才出得最多的地区之一──英国苏格兰（１９８３年人口５１４万）进行比较，发现近３００年来，两地在人才上差距相当大，特别是在自然科学、医学和经济领域方面。在这一期间，苏格兰人对世界的贡献和影响要比太湖流域人大得多。本文介绍了所用的比较研究方法，概述了分类比较研究和学科比较研究结果，并从经济基础、思想观念、政治环境、国际交流、教育和战乱等几个方面探讨了形成这种明显差距的原因。最后提出了对２１世纪中华人才的展望。这一研究可以看作是对“汤因比猜想”研究（从人才角度）以及东亚－西欧人才比较研究的一种先期的“模型试验”。对后者的深入研究将有助于对中华民族未来的自我认识。

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PEOPLE OF TALENT IN THE TAIHU BASIN OF CHINA AND IN SCOTLAND OF UNITED KINGDOM 18TH-20TH CENTURIES

The Tai Lake area has been known for its productiveness of talents inChina as Scotland (having a population of 5.14 million in 1983) in the west world. A comparison between the two areas laid out the amazing differences of the talents produced in the past 300 years, especially in the disciplines of science, medical studies and economics. The contributions and thus the reputions of Scotlanders to the world are much greater than the Tat Lake people. With an introduction of the approaches classified comparison and disciplinary (trade)comparison employed in this study, the paper presented the results and probed into the causes leading to the noticeable differences from the economic, ideological, political andeducational background, and also from the international exchanges and the social chaos produced by war.The paper ended with a perspective of the Chinese talents in the 21stcentury.