Polarized photon-pairs heterodyne polarimetry for ultrasensitive optical activity detection of a chiral medium

A polarized photon-pairs heterodyne polarimetry is proposed in order to measure in an ultrasensitive manner the circular birefringence of a chiral medium via optical rotation detection. A balanced detector is integrated into this polarimeter. Thus, shot-noise-limited detection by this polarimeter can be achieved. Experimentally, the detection sensitivity for the circular birefringence of a glucose-water solution up to partial differential |n(r) - n(l)| = 2 x 10(-11) at 10 mg/dL is verified. To our knowledge, this is the highest sensitivity ever measured of a chiral liquid solution based on single traveling sample cell geometry. Finally, when compared to a fiber loop ring-resonator in the frequency domain for a chiral liquid, this polarimeter shows an order of 10(4) enhancement on the sensitivity of natural optical activity measurement.