Relativistic analysis of the dielectric Einstein box: Abraham, Minkowski and total energy-momentum tensors |
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Authors: | Tomá s Ramos,Guillermo F. Rubilar |
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Affiliation: | a Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile b Department of Mathematics and Institute of Origins, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK |
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Abstract: | We analyse the “Einstein box” thought experiment and the definition of the momentum of light inside matter. We stress the importance of the total energy-momentum tensor of the closed system (electromagnetic field plus material medium) and derive in detail the relativistic expressions for the Abraham and Minkowski momenta, together with the corresponding balance equations for an isotropic and homogeneous medium. We identify some assumptions hidden in the Einstein box argument, which make it weaker than it is usually recognized. In particular, we show that the Abraham momentum is not uniquely selected as the momentum of light in this case. |
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Keywords: | Electrodynamics Abraham-Minkowski controversy Energy-momentum tensor Relativity Einstein box experiment |
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