Occurrence of Fungicides in Vineyard and the Surrounding Environment |
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| Authors: | Meruyert Sergazina Lua Vazquez Maria Llompart Thierry Dagnac |
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| Institution: | 1.CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.);2.Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan;3.Galician Agency for Food Quality—Agronomic Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Seventeen fungicides were determined in different matrices from vineyard areas, including vine leaves, soils, grapes and water, using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For leaf analysis, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed evaluating different solvents. UAE was compared with other extraction techniques such as vortex extraction (VE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The performance of the UAE method was demonstrated on vine leaf samples and on other types of samples such as tea leaves, underlining its general suitability for leaf crops. As regards other matrices, soils were analyzed by UAE and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), grapes by UAE and waters by SPE using cork as the sorbent. The proposed method was applied to 17 grape leaf samples in which 14 of the target fungicides were detected at concentrations up to 1000 μg g−1. Furthermore, the diffusion and transport of fungicides was demonstrated not only in crops but also in environmental matrices. |
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| Keywords: | fungicides GC-MS/MS vineyard grapes leaves environmental matrices ultrasound-assisted extraction |
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