典型高分子纤维发展回顾与未来展望

高分子纤维作为发展国民经济的基础材料、国防军工的战略材料、新兴产业的前沿材料,其产品内涵与应用领域正在不断拓展.本文首先简要介绍了国内外高分子纤维材料的发展简史,其依次经历了天然纤维、人造纤维、合成纤维(差别化、功能化、高性能等纤维)等发展阶段.其次,结合本课题组相关工作重点阐述了通用型聚酯纤维、高性能聚苯硫醚纤维以及生物质聚乳酸纤维等典型高分子纤维材料的研究进展,包括发展历程、制备方法、性能优化、应用领域等内容.最后,展望了高分子纤维材料的发展趋势,我们认为基于材料、信息、生物、机械等学科交叉融合与技术突破,具有多材料、多结构、多功能的绿色、超性能、智能纤维材料将成为未来发展方向.

Typical Polymer Fiber Materials:An Overview and Outlook

High molecular material(or abbreviated as polymer)is the substantial foundation of human survival and development,which is regarded as the important symbol of social civilization.Polymer materials usually can be divided into plastic,fiber and rubber according to the application fields and molecular weight.Among them,polymer fibers are defined as the thin strip shaped materials with the length-diameter ratio larger than 1000(usually a nanoscale or micron-scale diameter)and certain tensile strength and toughness.With the development of society and the progress of science and technology,the application fields of polymer fibers are gradually expanded from traditional home textile and clothing to advanced fields such as aerospace,biomedicine,environment,energy and so on.Therefore,the product connotations and applications of polymer fiber materials are expanding continually,which are the basic materials of national economy,the strategic materials of national defence,the frontier materials of emerging industries.In this work,we briefly introduced the development history of polymer fiber materials firstly,which have experienced the natural fiber,artificial fiber,synthetic fiber,functional fiber and high-performance fiber stages in turn.Then,the present situation of several representative polymer fiber materials(such as common fiber-poly(ethylene terephthalate)fiber,high performance fiberpoly(phenylene sulphide)fiber,biomass fiber-poly(lactic acid)fiber)were introduced systematically based on our group’s research work,including the development history,fabrication methods,chemical and physical structures and properties,modification technologies and application fields.In the end,we put forward the future prospect of polymer fiber materials combined with the social development demand.Based on the interdisciplinary integration and technological breakthroughs of materials,information,biology,machinery and other disciplines,the polymer fiber material(called Next Generation Fiber)with multiple components,multiple structures and multiple functions will become future development trend,which are characterized by green,super performance and intelligence.