苯丙素苷Acteoside,Isoacteoside和Ligupurpuroside J的全合成

发展了一条合成苯丙素苷类化合物的通用路线,并依据此路线完成了苯丙素苷毛蕊花糖苷(Acteoside)和异毛蕊花糖苷(Isoacteoside)的全合成及紫茎女贞苷J(Ligupurpuroside J)的首次全合成.其中的关键步骤是应用金(Ⅰ)催化的鼠李糖邻炔基苯甲酸酯给体与多羟基裸露的2-苯乙基葡萄糖苷进行区域选择性糖苷化反应,成功构建天然苯丙素苷中常见的α-(1→3)糖苷键.该合成路线减少了保护基的使用,简洁高效.

Total Synthesis of Phenylpropanoid Glycosides,Acteoside, Isoacteoside and Ligupurpuroside J

Phenylpropanoid glycosides(PPGs), a kind of natural glycosides with C6-C3 aromatic framework, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. These glycosides show various medicinal properties, inclu-ding antioxidative, antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor activities. Nevertheless, because of their low content in plants, the isolation of these compounds is a formidable task, so as to retard in-depth studies of their biological activities. Thus, the development of effective approaches to the synthesis of phenylpropanoid glycosides has attracted a great attention. Since the 1990s, several syntheses have been reported, however most of these synthetic routes are lengthy due to multi-step manipulations of protecting groups, especially some of the protecting groups/deprotecting reagents are incompatible with the α,β-unsaturated ester occurring in PPGs. Here, we report a general and effective synthetic approach to PPGs. The present approach features a regioselective glycosylation of 2-phenylethyl glucoside polyols with rhamnosyl o-alkynylbenzoate donors under the catalysis of triphenyephosphinegold(Ⅰ) bis(trifluormethanesulfonye) imidate(PPh₃AuNTf₂, 10%-15%, molar fraction) at low temperature to furnish the key α-(1→3)-linked saccharides. Then, the 2-OH in the glucose unit was selectively protected with acetyl chloride, subsequent condensation with caffeic acid with the remaining C4-OH completed the major PPGs framework. Global removal of the acetyl and allyl groups afforded acteoside. Similar approaches were successfully applied to the synthesis of Isoacteoside and Ligupurposite J, which contained caffeic acid residue at the C6-OH of the glucose unit. The regioselective glycosylation, which avoids selective protection/deprotection of the hydroxyl groups, provides a shorter synthetic approach toward the PPGs.