具有“杀菌-释菌”功能转换的智能抗菌表面

细菌在生物材料表面的黏附和后续生物被膜的形成会引起一系列严重后果,因此赋予生物材料表面抗菌性能成为国内外科研工作者们的研究热点.然而目前常见的抗菌策略主要集中在杀死表面黏附的细菌,而忽略了死细菌在表面的积累所引起的如抗菌效率下降、二次污染等诸多问题.针对此,研究者们提出了"杀菌-释菌"功能转换的智能抗菌策略并以此发展了一系列智能抗菌表面.本专论基于我们课题组的研究成果,根据杀菌剂与材料表面结合方式的不同(永久固定杀菌剂、可重复负载杀菌剂和不需要杀菌剂),对近年来智能抗菌表面领域的研究进展进行了评述.这些智能抗菌表面能够在杀灭细菌后及时清除表面残留的死细菌,从而保持了长效抗菌功能.最后对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望.

Smart Antibacterial Surfaces with Switchable Function to Kill and Release Bacteria

The adhesion of bacteria and the subsequent formation of biofilms on the surfaces of biomaterials cause a series of adverse consequences, resulting in serious problems in both human healthcare and industrial applications. Therefore, endowing the surfaces with antibacterial capabilities has attracted considerable interests and development of antibacterial surfaces has become an active field of research. The traditional antibacterial strategies are mainly focused on killing bacteria attached on the surfaces, however, neglecting many problems raised from the accumulation of dead bacteria and debris such as degradation of biocidal efficiency and secondary contamination. Aiming to solve these problems, a promising smart antibacterial strategy based on switchable function between bacteria-killing and bacteria-releasing was proposed. Based on this strategy, a series of smart antibacterial surfaces have been developed to kill the attached bacteria and then trigger the on-demand release of dead bacteria from the surface by regulation of bacteria-surface interactions, so as to maintain the effective antibacterial activity for long-term applications. In this feature article, we summarize our achievements and the recent progress in the field of smart antibacterial surfaces. These surfaces have been divided into three categories based on the methods for applying biocidal agents on to the surfaces:(1) the surfaces with permanently immobilized biocidal agents;(2) the surfaces with reversibly incorporated biocidal agents;and(3) the surfaces without common biocidal agents but with physically biocidal activity. In the end, we provide a brief perspective of the future research directions in this promising area.