纤维素纤维材料几种降解方法的研究

测试和比较了天然棉纤维织物和几种人造可再生纤维素纤维(竹原纤维、莫代尔纤维和天丝纤维)在实验室条件下和大环境堆肥条件下的生物降解性.生物降解行为的测试分别采用ASTM D5988-03、堆肥法和酶催化降解法,以比较几种织物在自然环境和微生物培养基条件下的降解速度;结合红外光谱通过分析降解前后结构的改变研究不同的降解方法对纤维素材料的降解程度.结果表明纤维素类纤维织物均表现出良好的生物降解性,并且人造可再生纤维素纤维的降解速度高于天然棉纤维.和传统的实验室条件下测量织物降解性的方法相比,堆肥中含有更多的微生物和酶活性组分,加速了纤维素材料的分解.

STUDY ON BIODEGRADABILITY OF CELLULOSE FABRICS

The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the biodegradability of the four cellulose fabrics(cotton,modal,bamboo and tencel) in laboratory and large scale composting environments.Three methods:ASTMD 5988-03,enzymatic hydrolysis and composting were used.Under controlled laboratory conditions,the carbon dioxide produced was monitored and integrated to determine the biodegradation rate by ASTM D 5988-03 method in natural soil,and the weight losses were measured after biodegradation in enzyme solutions.The same set of fabrics was buried in the composting facility for 90 days.The weight losses and the fabric morphology changes after degradation were used to assess and compare the biodegradability with the results obtained under laboratory conditions.IR spectra were used to analysis the structure of the cellulose fabrics before and after biodegradation in different methods.The morphologies of the cellulose fabrics before and after degradation were observed by SEM.The results showed that all competing man-made cellulose fabrics(modal,bamboo and tencel) showed faster degradation rates than the natural cotton fabric.Bamboo fabric showed a significantly faster degradation rate than other cellulose fabrics in the three degradation methods,especially in composting method the bamboo fabric completely destroyed.Combining with IR analysis,it was confirmed that all the cellulose samples had an accelerated degradation rate in the compost environment which contained more multiple organisms and enzymes than under the laboratory conditions.