Clays as architectural units at modified-electrodes

Since Ghosh and Bard [80] first established the field of clay-modified electrodes some 15 years ago, great strides have been made in understanding the nature of the clay structural units and their impact on transport of a variety of electroactive probes (anions, neutrals, small cations, large cations, and compounds with distributed charge). Great strides have also been made in understanding the nature of the layered material in creating access of interlayer sites (size, charge, iron content, pillaring, and organic tailoring). In the last five years several successful applications of clay-modified electrodes have been achieved. Given the explosive growth in tailoring and construction of novel clay structures it seems reasonable to predict further significant advances in applications involving clay-modified electrodes.