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Integrated analytical techniques for the study of ancient Greek polychromy |
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| Authors: | Colombini Maria Perla Carmignani Alessia Modugno Francesca Frezzato Fabio Olchini Angela Brecoulaki Hariclia Vassilopoulou Vivi Karkanas Panagiotis |
| Affiliation: | a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35 Pisa, Italy b Esemir S.p.a., Castiglione Olona, Milan, Italy c The Wiener Laboratory of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Souidias 54, 106-74 Athens, Greece d Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology, Ardittou 34b, 116-36 Athens, Greece |
| Abstract: | The materials used in the decoration of three painted astragaloi (knucklebones) from the Koroneia cave (Greece) were investigated by means of sequential application of non-destructive and destructive techniques: optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray microanalysis (ESEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with micro-attenuated total reflection (μ-ATR) technique, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV-fluorescence and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used.The main results highlighted that the three astragaloi were prepared with a ground of ochre or iron clay and painted with a proteinaceous matter such as binder egg tempera. Both FTIR and GC-MS agree in the detection of lipids that can be related to egg. Organic dyestuffs identified as madder lake and shellfish purple were used together with inorganic pigments. |
| Keywords: | Pigment analysis Organic binder analysis Lake analysis ESEM μ-FTIR-ATR GC-MS HPLC Ancient Greek polychromy Painted knucklebones Astragaloi |
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