Fluorescence imaging of Cu(Ⅰ) in endoplasmic reticulum of live cells and tissue

<正>Copper (Cu) is an essential element to living organisms. The redox activity of Cu gives rise to redox cycling reactions between Cu2+and Cu+. Organisms harness this redox capability for their biological functions by tightly regulating copper homeostasis in the processes of cellular uptake, intracellular transport, protein loading and storage 1]. Abnormal levels and uncontrolled speciation of Cu~(2+)/Cu~+ in