聚二茂铁基硅烷二嵌段共聚物的制备、组装及应用研究

二茂铁分子由于含有独特的芳香结构和过渡金属元素铁,具有特殊的光、电、磁特性,一直以来是科学研究和技术应用的热点之一,在功能高分子材料的制备方面具有广泛的应用前景。聚二茂铁硅烷嵌段共聚物是一类新型的主链含有二茂铁和有机硅单元的聚合物,以其可控的分子量和丰富的自组装形貌,不断得到科研人员的关注。本文主要从聚合、自组装和应用三个方面系统介绍了聚二茂铁硅烷二嵌段共聚物。其中重点介绍了应用广泛的活性阴离子聚合和进一步发展起来的阴离子两步法聚合,解释了活性聚合机理,归纳了目前成功合成的不同种类的二嵌段共聚物;论述了在选择性溶剂中,聚二茂铁硅烷二嵌段共聚物可以自组装形成柱状、管状、球状等常规胶束和片层、刷形等复杂胶束,胶束的形成同聚合一样具有活性特征,并且在一定的刺激条件下,不同类型的胶束可完成相互转变过程,另外可以对胶束局部进行功能化以赋予其特殊的性能;最后介绍了聚二茂铁硅烷二嵌段共聚物在药物缓释、纳米材料、特种催化方面的具体实例,并对其应用前景加以展望。

Synthesis,Self-Assembly,and Applications of Polyferrocenylsilane Diblock Copolymers

Ferrocene molecules possess special optical,electrical and magnetic properties due to the unique aromatic structure and transition metal Fe,and have been one of the focuses of scientific research and technology application in recent years.Polyferrocenylsilanes (PFS) are a novel class of transition metal-containing macromolecules with the backbone that consists of ferrocene and organosilane units.The PFS diblock copolymers are attracting intense current attentions recently because of their controllable molecular weight and varied self-assembly morphologies.This paper provides an overview of the works including the synthesis,self-assembly and potential applications of PFS-based diblock copolymers.For example,this article has introduced the living anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and the two-steps anionic ROP as well as the polymerization mechanisms for the synthesis of all kind of PFS-based diblock copolymers.On the other hand,the self-assembly of this kind of diblock copolymers in selective solvents has also been summarized,it is found the polymers will self-assemble into well defined supramolecular micellar aggregates because of phase separation,such as cylinders,tubes,spheres,tapes and brushes.Especially,the formations of the micelles can also be named as a “living self-assembly” progress like the living polymerization.Some of the micelles can change to other morphology if some stimulations occurred,and also can be spatially selective functionalized to obtain specific properties.At last,some specific applications of PFS diblock copolymers and the assemblies in the area including drug delivery,nano-materials,and specific catalysts are illustrated and the future prospects for PFS diblock copolymers science are discussed in this paper.