Physico-chemical properties of alginate gel beads |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Yuan, Beijing 100084, P. R. China;2. Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, 28, Pingyu Road, Baqiao District, Xian, 710024, P. R. China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Yuan, Beijing 100084, P. R. China;1. Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610, Bander Seri Iskander, Perak, Malaysia;2. National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610, Bander Seri Iskander, Perak, Malaysia;4. Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering and Technology (MICET), Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah, 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;1. Food Technology Laboratory, Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil;2. Physical Science Laboratory, Science and Technology Center, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil;3. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, São Carlos Federal University (UFSCar), Rod. João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), km 100, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil;4. Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas a Agricultura (Cepagri), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária, 13083970, Campinas, SP, Brazil;1. Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRS-UMII-ENSCM-UMI, Équipe Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, 8 rue de l’École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;2. Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRS-UMII-ENSCM-UMI, Equipe Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 17002, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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| Abstract: | Alginate gel beads are used in many applications as matrices for release or immobilisation. Until now, the parameters (such as type and concentration of cation, ionic strength and pH) of the beads formation solution in which the Na-alginate solution was dropped were not deeply studied. Therefore, in this paper, the gel formation of alginate beads and their behavior in demineralized water has been investigated carefully. The results obtained in the present study about the gel formation showed that (1) the type and the concentration of the cation play a determinant role in the gel formation phenomenon giving beads of different volumes and characteristics; (2) the weight and volume losses occurring in the ‘syneresis’ are essentially by water elimination; (3) NaCl, which gives the ionic strength of the beads formation solution, plays two roles: a competitor with calcium and a screen in the electrostatic repulsion; and (4) finally, the pH controls the gel formation process as regulator in the dissociation of the alginate and in the complexation of the calcium cations. A study by weight change dynamic analysis was also carried out. The results showed that the transfer of a bead from its formation solution into demineralized water provokes a modification of its volume, weight and stability. These results are important to understand the behavior of beads in their utilization medium. |
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