Acoustic properties of straight tone, vibrato, trill, and trillo

Recordings were made of four internationally acclaimed early music singers (two women, two men) as they sustained phonation at target frequencies while producing the vocal ornaments straight tone, vibrato, trill, and trillo. Recordings were analyzed for the presence and amount of fundamental frequency oscillation and the frequency location of the vocal ornament performed with respect to the target tone. Results showed great variability between singers in all measured parameters.