An overview on water splitting photocatalysts

Photocatalytic splitting of water into H₂ is one of the most promising ways for converting solar energy into chemical energy. In the present paper, the basic physical and chemical principles of photocatalysts for hydrogen generating from aqueous solutions are outlined. Strategies for designing visible-light-induced photocatalysts have been reviewed. Besides, ultraviolet-light-induced photocatalysts, dye sensitization, photoelectrochemical water splitting and Z-scheme systems to effectively increase the light harvest are also discussed. Finally, the existing problems, possible solutions and prospects are presented.