运输碳排放税及其分摊比例对制造商最优策略的影响

本文研究了政府收取运输碳排放税且排放责任由制造商和第三方物流(3PL)共同承担的环境下,处于卖方垄断地位的制造商如何制定生产策略和选择运输模式。重点分析了碳排放税和制造商承担的碳排放责任对运输模式选择策略的影响;进一步给出了碳排放税能够促使运输模式转移的条件以及碳排放分摊比例。研究结果显示,当3PL通过调整碳排放分摊比例来鼓励制造商选择清洁运输模式时,政府收取较小的碳排放税就能促使制造商转移运输模式。同时也发现,当碳排放税等于运输模式转移阈值时,虽然制造商选择两种运输模式的利润相同,但选择更清洁的运输模式能够大大降低碳排放总量,进一步 在企业的环保意识驱动下,制造商会选择更清洁的运输模式。因此,我们的研究结果为制造商可持续运作和政府制定合理的碳排放税提供一定的决策参考。

Large Effect of Carbon Tax and Its Allocation Proportion on Manufacturer's Optimal Decisions

In this paper, we study how a monopoly manufacturer makes a production and transport mode selection decision under the situation that government charge tax to transport carbon emissions and transport activity players share the emissions responsibility. We focus on the effect of carbon tax and manufacturer's emissions responsibility on transport mode selection. Further more, we obtain conditions on emissions allocation proportion between manufacturer and 3PL of a transport mode under which carbon tax can force transport mode shifting. Our results show that a relative small tax can force transport mode shifting when 3PL encourages manufactures to select a cleaner mode by adjusting emissions allocation proportion. Also, when the tax is just equal to the mode shifting threshold, we find that the profit of the manufacturer selecting the cleaner mode is the same as the one of manufacturer selecting the dirty mode manufacturer, but emissions can be largely reduced by selecting the cleaner mode. So the manufacturer would select the cleaner mode driven by the manufacturer's environment consciousness. Our research is helpful to the manufacturer in making sustainable operation decision and to the government in making a reasonable carbon emissions tax policy.