中子散射技术及其应用

热中子的波长和凝聚态物质的原子/分子间距具有相同的量级，而其能量又和原子/分子的热运动能量相近.因此，利用热中子的弹性和非弹性散射效应，可以从微观层次上获取物质的结构和动力学知识.目前，中子散射技术在物理、化学、化工、生物和材料科学等研究领域的应用已经获得了许多用其他方法无法得到的知识. 文章介绍了中子散射的基本原理和特点，并列举了中子散射技术在相关研究领域中的典型应用

Neutron scattering and its applications

The wavelengths of thermal neutrons are on the same order as the atom/molecule spacing in condensed matter, while their cncrgyis comparable with that of atomic/molecular thermal motion. Detailed knowledge of the microscopic structure and dynamics of condensed matter can thus be obtained by means of the elastic and inelastic scattering effects of thermal neutrons. The applications of neutron scattering technology in the areas such as physics, chemistry, chemical industry, biology, and material science have already provided rich information that was not accessible via any other method. A brief introduction to the basic principle and characteristics of neutron scattering is given, and typical examples of its applicatios in various research areas are described.