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Discrete threshold growth dynamics are omnivorous for box neighborhoods
Authors:Tom Bohman
Affiliation:Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
Abstract:In the discrete threshold model for crystal growth in the plane we begin with some set $A_{0} subset {mathbf Z}^{2}$ of seed crystals and observe crystal growth over time by generating a sequence of subsets $ A_{0} subset A_{1} subset A_{2} subset dotsb $ of ${mathbf Z}^{2}$ by a deterministic rule. This rule is as follows: a site crystallizes when a threshold number of crystallized points appear in the site's prescribed neighborhood. The growth dynamics generated by this model are said to be omnivorous if $A_{0}$ finite and $A_{i+1} neq A_{i} ; forall i$ imply $ bigcup _{i=0}^{infty} A_{i} = {mathbf Z}^{2}$. In this paper we prove that the dynamics are omnivorous when the neighborhood is a box (i.e. when, for some fixed $rho$, the neighborhood of $z$ is $ { x in {mathbf Z}^{2} : |x-z|_{infty} le rho})$. This result has important implications in the study of the first passage time when $A_{0}$ is chosen randomly with a sparse Bernoulli density and in the study of the limiting shape to which $ n^{-1}A_{n} $ converges.

Keywords:Threshold growth   cellular automata
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