Analytical aspects of cyanobacterial volatile organic compounds for investigation of their production behavior |
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Authors: | Daiki Fujise Kiyomi Tsuji Naoko Fukushima Kohei Kawai Ken-ichi Harada |
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Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Environmental and Human Science and Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan;2. Kawasaki Waterworks Bureau, 5-1-1 Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-0034, Japan;3. Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan |
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Abstract: | In order to fully understand the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under natural conditions, an adaptable analytical method was developed as the first step. β-Ionone, β-cyclocitral, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were simultaneously analyzed in addition to geosmin and 2-MIB using GC/MS with SPME. The slight modification of a known method allowed the simultaneous detection and quantification of these VOCs. The SIM of the 3-methyl-1-butanol was always accompanied by a shoulder peak, suggesting the presence of two compounds. In order to separate both compounds, the GC/MS conditions were optimized, and the additional peak was identified as 2-methyl-1-butanol by direct comparison of the authentic compound, indicating that the Microcystis strain always produces a mixture of 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Furthermore, it was found that 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were predominant in the dissolved fractions. β-Cyclocitral was easily oxidized to provide the oxidation product, 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, which causes the blue color formation of cyanobacteria as a consequence of acid stress. The intact acid could be satisfactorily analyzed using the usual GC/MS without derivatization. |
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Keywords: | Cyanobacteria Volatile organic compounds Analysis β-Cyclocitral 2-Methyl-1-butanol 3-Methyl-1-butanol SPME |
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