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Thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approach for characterization of the volatile fraction from amber specimens: A possibility of tracking geological origins
Authors:Marian Vî  rgolici,Corneliu Ponta,Mihaela Manea,Daniel Neguţ,Mihalis Cutrubinis,Ioan Moise,Rareş Şuvăilă,Eugen Teodor,Costel Sâ  rbu,Andrei Medvedovici
Affiliation:1. Multipurpose Irradiation Facility - IRASM Department, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 407 Atomi?tilor Str., Com. M?gurele, P.O. Box MG-6, Ilfov County, 077125 Bucharest, Romania;2. Department of Informatics, Romanian National History Museum - MNIR, 12 Calea Victoriei Str., 030026 Bucharest, Romania;3. Babe?-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania
Abstract:Research on the chemical composition of fossil resins has evolved during the last decades as a multidisciplinary field and is strongly oriented toward the correlation with their geological and botanical origin. Various extraction procedures and chromatographic techniques have been used together for identifying the volatile compounds contained in the fossil resin matrix. Hyphenation between thermal desorption (TD), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry detection (MS) has been chosen to investigate the volatile compounds fraction from ambers with a focus on Romanite (Romanian amber) and Baltic amber species. A data analysis procedure was developed for the main purpose of fingerprinting ambers based on the MS identity of the peaks generated by the volatile fraction, together with their relative percentual area within the chromatogram. Chromatographic data analysis was based entirely on Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution & Identification System (AMDIS) software to produce deconvoluted mass spectra which were used to build-up a mixed mass spectra and relative retention scale library. Multivariate data analysis was further applied on AMDIS results with successful discrimination between Romanite and Baltic ambers. A special trial was conducted to generate pyrolysis “like” macromolecular structure breakdown to volatile compounds by gamma irradiation with a high absorbed dose of 500 kGy. Contrary to our expectations the volatile fraction fingerprints were not modified after irradiation experiments. A complementary non-destructive new approach by ESR spectroscopy was also proposed for discriminating between Romanite and Baltic ambers.
Keywords:Amber   Volatile fraction   Geological origins   Thermal desorption   Gas chromatography   Mass spectrometry   AMDIS   Multivariate data analysis   Thermal analysis   ESR spectroscopy
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