不同产地艾叶35种矿物元素的分析与评价

矿物元素的种类和含量是中药材质量评价的重要指标，与中药材的生长发育、药用物质的形成以及临床疗效的发挥密切相关。中药材矿物元素的分布因产地间气候、土壤、水文等生态因子不同而凸显的质量特征和作用规律是值得探索的问题。以4个省份5个主产区的75份艾叶样品为实验材料，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）法测定Ca，K，Mg，Na，Fe，Sn，Be，As，Al，V，Sc，Cr，Mn，Co，Bi，Ga，Ni，La，Mo，Ag，Hg，Cu，Nb，Zn，Ge，Se，Tl，Cd，Sb，Ba，Y，Ti，Pb，Zr和Sr等元素的含量，并采用方差分析、主成分分析、因子分析等计量学方法进行统计与评价。结果表明：（1）所建立的分析方法线性关系良好，加标回收率高，具有较高的准确度和精密度。（2）35种矿物元素中有33种矿物元素的含量在不同产地间存在显著差异（p＜0.05）。（3）以35种矿物元素的含量为变量，共提取7个主成分，累计方差贡献率达82.75%，主成分得分图显示不同产地艾叶样品的分布相对集中，具备分类和评价的条件。（4）选择前7个因子对艾叶进行综合评价，评价函数为F=0.449 1F₁＋0.118 0F₂＋0.097 2F₃＋0.055 5F₄＋0.042 5F₅+0.034 5F₆+0.030 7F₇，通过计算总因子得分值F可知，河北安国的祁艾与湖北蕲春的蕲艾排在前列，表明从矿物元素角度考虑，以上2个产地的艾叶品质较好。研究建立了不同产地艾叶中矿物元素的准确高效分析方法及评价体系，为艾叶的质量控制及标准建立提供科学依据，也为其他药材的等同性研究提有益参考。

Analysis and Evaluation of 35 Mineral Elements in Artemisia Argyi From Five Different Areas in Four Provinces in China

The types and contents of mineral elements in medicinal plants are closely associated with their growth environment and pertinent development process.Meanwhile,they are also closely related to the product of medicinal substances and their clinical effects.Therefore,they are important indicators for the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials,and it is worth exploring on the relationship of the characteristics regarding elements with the different environmental factors,such as climate,soil,hydrology and so on.In this study,the concentrations of 35 elements in Ca,K,Mg,Na,Fe,Sn,Be,As,Al,V,Sc,Cr,Mn,Co,Bi,Ga,Ni,La,Mo,Ag,Hg,Cu,Nb,Zn,Ge,Se,Tl,Cd,Sb,Ba,Y,Ti,Pb,Zr and Sr were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry techniques,and analyzed using multivariate statistical methods including variance analysis,principal component analysis and factor analysis.The results showed that the method had good selectivity,accuracy,within-day precision,recovery and linearity in their established ranges,respectively.There was a significant difference for 33 elements out of 35 in A.argyi from different locations(p>0.05).According to the results of PCA,7 principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 82.75%were extracted from 35 elements for further analysis.Also,the distribution of A.argyi samples from different locations were relatively concentrated and was feasible for classification and evaluation.The comprehensive evaluation function for the 7 selected elements was F=0.4491 F1+0.118 F2+0.0972 F3+0.0555 F4+0.0425 F5+0.0345 F6+0.0307 F7.By calculating the scores of comprehensive factors,the total values of Qi ai(Qichun,Hubei province)and Bei ai(Anguo,Hebei province)are on top 2.The study established an accurate and efficient analytical method and comprehensive evaluation system for the mineral elements in A.argyi from different ecological areas,provide a scientific basis for quality control of beneficial supplements in A.argyi,and may be valuable for the similar studies for other medicinal species.