新疆塔里木马鹿Cervus elaphus yarkandensis）研究进展及展望

塔里木马鹿是国家Ⅱ级保护动物，马鹿众多亚种中分布于荒漠地区的特殊亚种之一．其分布范围十分狭小，仅分布于塔里木河中下游和车尔臣河下游地区．塔里木马鹿野生资源由于其栖息地的不断缩小和片段化，以及长期以来屡禁不止的乱捕滥杀现象而日趋减少．世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）于1977年9月在华盛顿鹿类专家组会议上，认为该证种已经灭绝；该亚种还作为濒危物种列入美国濒危物种名目中．目前，塔里木马鹿分布区内，尚有大片领域受到人类活动的影响，其生存前景令人担忧．因此，本文我们根据多年的实地调查数据并结合前人的研究结果，探讨了塔里木马鹿野生种群的研究现状并提出保护建议，这对有效的保护塔里木马鹿野生种群方面具有一定的科学价值．

The Research Progress and Prospect of Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis)in Xinjiang

Tarim red deer （Cervus elaphus yarkandensis） that is listed category Ⅱ of protected animal in China, is unique among deer in exhibiting adaptations to a desert environment. It is only distributed the narrow ranges in middle and lower reaches of Tarim river and lower reaches of Charchen river. Because of the different kind of human activities in these regions greatly distributed their lives and seriously devoured their habitats, the red deer tarim subspecies wild population has significantly decreased. Due to its limited distribution and small population, this deer has been included on Red List of the International Union of Conservation Nature and Natural Resources （IUCN） as an ＂endangered species＂ （EN）, and this species also being listed on the endangered species list of United States of America. Now, the most of the distribution area of tarim red deer has been distributed by human activities, the future of wild population of this species worried of us. Therefore, in this paper we discuss, according to the many years on the spot investigation data and combining to the former researchers materials analysis, the present research status and future prospect of tarim red deer wild population.