Preparation of NiFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite and its application as a modifier for the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen |
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Authors: | Abbas Afkhami Hosein Khoshsafar Hasan Bagheri Tayyebeh Madrakian |
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Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran;2. Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | An effective electrochemical sensor for the rapid and simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with NiFe2O4/graphene nanoparticles was developed. The structures of the synthesized NiFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite and the electrode composition were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The peak currents of square wave voltammetry of tramadol and acetaminophen increased linearly with their concentration in the range of 0.01–9 μmol L−1. The detection limit for their determination was found to be 0.0036 and 0.0030 μmol L−1, respectively. The results show that the combination of graphene and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles causes a dramatic enhancement in the sensitivity of the sensor. The fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity and good stability, and would be valuable for the clinical assay of tramadol and acetaminophen. |
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Keywords: | Electrochemical sensor Chemically modified carbon paste electrode Magnetic nanoparticles Graphene Simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen |
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