Potential of liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the determination of pesticides and transformation products in water |
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Authors: | Juan V Sancho Óscar J Pozo María Ibáñez Félix Hernández |
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Institution: | (1) Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castellón, Spain |
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Abstract: | Until now, time-of-flight (TOF) mass analysers have only been very rarely used in pesticide residue analysis (PRA) of water
samples. However, the inherent characteristics of TOF MS make these analysers well-suited to this field, mainly for qualitative
purposes. Thus, the high sensitivity obtained from full-scan acquisition in comparison to other MS analysers and the high
resolution of TOF MS suggest its suitability for screening purposes; it also increases the multiresidue capabilities of methods
based on it and decreases the chance of recording false positives. Although these characteristics can also be helpful for
quantification, confirmation and elucidation, some limitations on the use of TOF for these purposes have been observed. These
limitations are more noticeable when dealing with samples containing very low analyte concentrations, which is the normal
situation for PRA in water. The use of hybrid quadrupole–time-of-flight instruments (QTOF) minimises the limitations of TOF,
facilitating the simultaneous detection and unequivocal confirmation of pesticides found in the sample. Additionally, the
acquisition of accurate product ion full-scan mass spectra can help to elucidate the structures of unknown compounds. In this
paper, the potential of TOF and QTOF hyphenated to liquid chromatography for PRA in water is explored, emphasizing both the
advantages and limitations of this approach for screening, quantification, confirmation and elucidation purposes. Emphasis
is placed on the determination of polar pesticides and transformation products—the analytes that fit well with LC–API–(Q)TOF
MS technology. |
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Keywords: | Time of flight Hybrid quadrupole– time-of-flight Mass spectrometry Pesticide residue analysis Transformation products Water |
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