Continuous Flow Reactor for Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by Hydrogen Peroxide |
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Authors: | Li Zhang Hui-hui Liu Gui-ying Li Chang-wei Hu |
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Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China |
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Abstract: | The direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol catalyzed by activated carbon-supported Fe (Fe/AC) in acetonitrile using H2O2 as the oxidant was studied in a continuous flow reactor. Results showed that the continuous operation could obtain high phenol yield of 28.1%, coupled with the turnover frequency of 3 h-1, and high selectivity of 98% under mild condition. The catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, Boehm titration, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was observed that iron may interact with the carboxyl group forming iron-carboxylate like species, which act as the active phase. The apparent activation energy obtained by fitting an Arrhenius model to the experimental data was 13.4 kJ/mol. The reaction order was calculated to be about 1, 0.2 for benzene and 0.7 for H2O2. |
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Keywords: | Continuous flow reactor Hydroxylation Activated carbon Iron-carboxylate Active phase Activation energy |
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