Proton-conducting biopolymer electrolytes based on pectin doped with NH4X (X=Cl,Br)

Research has been undertaken to develop polymer electrolytes based on biodegradable natural polymers such as cellulose acetate, starch, gelatin, and chitosan, which are being used as polymer hosts for obtaining new polymer electrolytes for their applications in various electrochemical devices such as batteries, sensors, and electrochromic windows. Pectin is a naturally available material which is extracted from the skin of citrus fruits. Pectins, also known as pectic polysaccharides, are rich in galacturonic acid. The present study focuses on the proton-conducting polymer electrolytes based on the biopolymer pectin doped with ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) and ammonium bromide (NH₄Br) prepared by solution casting technique. The prepared membranes are characterized using XRD, FTIR, and AC impedance techniques to study their complexation behavior, amorphous nature, and electrical properties. The conductivity of pure pectin membrane has been found to be 9.41 × 10⁻⁷ S cm⁻¹. The polymer systems with 30 mol% NH₄Cl-doped pectin and 40 mol% NH₄Br-doped pectin have been found to have maximum ionic conductivity of 4.52 × 10⁻⁴ and 1.07 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹, respectively. The conductivity value has increased by three orders of magnitude compared to pure pectin membrane. The dielectric behavior of both the systems has been explained using dielectric permittivity and electric modulus spectra.