A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-O-β-D-Galactopyranoside from Boerhavia diffusa Linn.

The objectives of this study were to optimize and quantify the maximum percentage yield of eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosidefrom Boerhavia diffusa leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), as well as to demonstrate the hepatoprotective benefits of the bioactive compound. The Box–Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize the eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside extraction procedure, which also looked at the extraction duration, temperature, and solvent concentration as independent variables. Boerhaviadiffusa leaves were extracted, and n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water were used to fractionate the dried extracts. The dried ethyl acetate fraction was thoroughly mixed in hot methanol and stored overnight in the refrigerator. The cold methanol was filtered, the solid was separated, and hot methanol was used many times to re-crystallize the solid to obtain pure eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (0.1578% w/w). The proposed HPTLC method for the validation and quantification of eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosidewassuccessfully validated and developed. The linearity (R₂ = 0.994), detection limit (30 ng), and quantification limit (100 ng) of the method, as well as its range (100–5000 ng), inter and intraday precision (0.67% and 0.991% RSD), specificity, and accuracy (99.78% RSD), were all validated as satisfactory. The separation of the eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside band was achieved on an HPTLC plate using toluene:acetone:water (5:15:1 v/v) as a developing system. The Box–Behnken statistical design was used to determine the best optimization method, which was found to be extraction time (90 min), temperature (45 °C), and solvent ratio (80% methanol in water v/v) for eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside. Standard silymarin ranged from 80.2% at 100 µg/mL to 86.94% at 500 µg/mL in terms of significant high hepatoprotection (cell induced with carbon tetrachloride 0.1%), whereas isolated eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside ranged from 62.62% at 500 µg/mL to 70.23% at 1000 µg/mL. More recently, it is a source of structurally unique flavonoid compounds that may offer opportunities for developing novel semi-synthetic molecules.