利用地表土壤的反射光谱勘探油气的方法研究

反射光谱分析提供了一种高效和低成本的鉴别物质成分和结构的方法，油气微渗漏理论则建立了油气藏与其上部地表特定蚀变之间的因果关系，因此，可以通过检测地表蚀变的反射光谱来勘探油气。野外实地测量和高光谱遥感均能够实现反射光谱的检测。文章首先提出了典型含气区测点的光谱曲线的宏观特征;然后，给出了一种基于野外测量的反射光谱来确定特定蚀变的地表分布(即分类)的方法。将本方法应用于青海××地区野外测量的反射光谱的分析中，得到的蚀变异常区与该地区的已有气田成功吻合。本方法的鲁棒性实验表明，当分类过程中选用不同的参数组合(例如：分类样本，研究波段范围和相似度阈值)时，均能得到较好的分类结果。为该地区进行中的Hyperion高光谱遥感油气勘探项目提供了有效的分类样本和参考算法。

Study on Exploring for Oil and Gas Using Reflectance Spectra of Surface Soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelength region provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory sets up a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface alterations. Therefore the authors can explore for oil and gas by determining the reflectance spectra of surface alterations. This determination can be fulfilled by means of field work and hyperspectral remote sensing. In the present paper, firstly a macroscopical feature of reflectance spectra of typical observation points in gas fields is presented. Then a method is proposed in order to provide surface distribution information (e.g., classification) of alterations based on the reflectance spectra determined from the field, and obtain anomaly zones of the special alterations. This method has been applied to the analysis of the reflectance spectra determined in the field of Qinghai X X area, and the classification results tally with the existent gas fields in this area. A robustness analysis of the method shows that good results can be obtained when different combinations of parameters, such as samples, study band regions and thresholds, have been chosen in the process of classification. The valid classification samples and algorithms can be provided for the oil and gas exploration in progress in this area using NASA experimental hyperion hyperspectral satellite.